Academic Arena and Survival: INSIGHTS on Remote Working and Learning in Higher Education during the Recurrence of COVID-19

Introduction: Rapid outbreaks, wide spreads, and severe damage have characterized events in public health in China. Several significant challenges have faced the global community in the 21st century, including COVID-19, resulting in uncertainty about the future of current and future generations. In the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic, remote working and learning (RWL) have gained more importance. Material and Methods: Two objectives were pursued in this study. To analyze how Higher Education Academician (HEA) and students used RWL during COVID-19 and how they handled RWL challenges. This research used a quantitative approach to achieve its objectives. A total of 480 students and 394 HEA were recruited through random sampling. Data collection was carried out using two self-developed questionnaires. Results: RWL arrangements are satisfactory to both HEA and students. HEA and students agree that RWL relieves work stress and maximizes family time. Considering the survey results, it is evident that RWL practices are strongly supported in the era of COVID-19. Conclusion: RWL is essential to work during the COVID-19 pandemic recurrence phase. It provides non-stop working and learning to HEA and students. HEA and students highly accept RWL and favor it during the particular reoccurrence period of COVID-19. Transitioning from face-to-face instruction to a fully functional virtual (RWL) environment will require time and experience. Therefore, it is recommended that the government make a proper plan for future turmoil by drawing lessons from this unanticipated crisis and providing training programs for RWL preparation. Resumen Introducción: Los acontecimientos recientes en la salud pública en China se han caracterizado por brotes rápidos, amplias propagaciones y daños graves. Varios desafíos importantes han enfrentado la comunidad global en el siglo 21, incluido COVID-19, lo que resulta en incertidumbre sobre el futuro de las generaciones actuales y futuras. A raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19, el trabajo y el aprendizaje a distancia (RWL) han ganado más importancia. Métodos: En este estudio se persiguieron dos objetivos. En primer lugar, analizar cómo el académico de educación superior (HEA) y los estudiantes usaron RWL durante COVID-19 y cómo manejaron los desafíos de RWL. Esta investigación utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo para lograr sus objetivos. Un total de 480 estudiantes y 394 HEA fueron reclutados a través de muestreo aleatorio. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante dos cuestionarios de desarrollo propio. Resultados: Los arreglos de RWL son satisfactorios tanto para HEA como para los estudiantes. Tanto HEA como los estudiantes están de acuerdo en que RWL alivia el estrés laboral y maximiza el tiempo en familia. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la encuesta, es evidente que las prácticas de RWL están fuertemente respaldadas en la era de COVID-19. Conclusión: RWL es esencial para trabajar durante la fase de recurrencia de la pandemia de COVID-19. Proporciona trabajo y aprendizaje sin parar a HEA y estudiantes. HEA y los estudiantes aceptan altamente RWL y la favorecen durante el período de recurrencia particular de COVID-19. La transición de la instrucción cara a cara a un entorno virtual completamente funcional (RWL) requerirá tiempo y experiencia. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que el gobierno haga un plan adecuado para la agitación futura extrayendo lecciones de esta crisis impreversa y proporcionando programas de capacitación para la preparación de RWL.

Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de evaluación de estrategias de aprendizaje para el bachillerato (EAVAP-EM)

This study aimed to estimate validity evidence based on the internal structure and accuracy of the adapted version of the Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM), using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Participants were 701 first- to third-year high school students (M = 16.1; SD = 1.0), from public and private institutions in the states of Paraná and São Paulo. The CFA indicated the presence of the three factors of the EAVAP-EM, with adequate internal consistency. The instrument also showed good fit indices. There were positive and significant correlations between the factors, with magnitude ranging from medium to large. Moreover, students reported making more use of metacognitive strategies. The results evinced significant advances regarding measures with good psychometric parameters to assess learning strategies, considering their relevance to the psychoeducational context (AU).

Objetivou-se no presente estudo estimar indicadores de validade com base na estrutura interna e precisão da versão adaptada da Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM), por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Participaram 701 alunos do primeiro ao terceiro ano do Ensino Médio (M = 16,1; DP = 1,0), provenientes de instituições públicas e particulares dos estados do Paraná e de São Paulo. A AFC indicou a presença dos três fatores da EAVAP-EM, com consistência interna considerada adequada, sendo que o instrumento apresentou bons índices de ajuste. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre os fatores, com magnitude variando de média a grande. Ainda, os estudantes reportaram fazer mais uso de estratégias metacognitivas. Os resultados evidenciam importantes avanços no que concerne a medidas com bons indicadores psicométricos para avaliação das estratégias de aprendizagem, considerando sua relevância ao contexto psicoeducacional (AU).

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar evidencias de validez a partir de la estructura interna y la precisión de la versión adaptada de la Escala de Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje para la Escuela Preparatoria (EAVAP-EM), mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Participaron 701 estudiantes de primero a tercer año de secundaria (M = 16.1; DS = 1.0), de instituciones públicas y privadas de las provincias de Paraná y São Paulo. El AFC indicó la presencia de los tres factores del EAVAP-EM, con consistencia interna considerada adecuada. El instrumento mostró índices de ajuste adecuados. Hubo correlaciones positivas y significativas entre los factores, cuya magnitud varió de moderada a alta. Además, los estudiantes informaron que hacen un mayor uso de las estrategias metacognitivas. Los resultados evidencian avances importantes en cuanto a medidas con buenos indicadores psicométricos para evaluar estrategias de aprendizaje, considerando su relevancia para el contexto psicoeducativo (AU).

Willingness of Spanish University Students to Connect their Camera during the COVID-19 Pandemic

As a result of the pandemic generated by covid-19, educational institutions began to teach their classes remotely. During these, the majority of students opted to keep the webcam turned off, causing demotivation and uncertainty among teachers. The different studies that inves­tigate this behavior present atomized and unconnected reasons. This is why this research intended to offer a holistic view of the reasons that led students to activate or not activate the camera during the pandemic. Data obtained through a questionnaire administered to 305 students from different Spanish universities revealed a tendency to follow the decision of the majority regarding whether or not to connect the camera during classes, as well as a reluctance to show themselves to classmates in relaxed environments. On the other hand, although no significant differences were found between men and women regarding the frequency of use, male participants attributed less importance to both the projected personal im­age and the connection resources available. Results also show that the importance attributed both to the generation of so­cial presence in the classroom and to the academic qualification is a predictor of its frequency of use. These results suggest the use of strategies that encourage higher education students to connect the webcam during the teaching through videoconferencing systems.Alternate : Em decorrência da pandemia gerada pela covid-19, as instituições de ensino passaram a ministrar suas aulas remotamente, por meio de sistemas de videoconferência, durante os quais a maioria dos alunos optou por manter a webcam desligada, causando desmotivação e incerteza entre os professores. Os diferentes estudos que investigam esse comportamento apresentam motivos atomizados e desconexos, por isso esta pesquisa oferece uma visão holística dos motivos que levaram os alunos a ativar ou não a câmera durante a pandemia do covid-19. Com base nos dados obtidos através de um questionário aplicado a 305 estudantes de diferentes universidades espanholas, esta pesquisa explicativa identifica dimensões de natureza social, pessoal, econômica e acadêmica que, combinadas, parecem revelar tais razões. Os resultados mostram uma tendência em seguir a decisão da maioria de conectar ou não a câmera durante as aulas, bem como uma relutância em se mostrar aos colegas em ambientes descontraídos. Por outro lado, embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres quanto à frequência de uso, os participantes do sexo masculino atribuíram menos importância tanto à imagem pessoal projetada quanto aos recursos de conexão disponíveis ao manter o telefone ligado. Além disso, mostram que a importância atribuída tanto à geração de presença social em sala de aula quanto à qualificação acadêmica são preditores de sua frequência de uso. Esses resultados sugerem o uso de estratégias não impostas que estimulem estudantes do ensino superior a conectarem a webcam durante o ensino por meio de sistemas de videoconferência.Alternate : Como resultado de la pandemia generada por la covid-19, las instituciones edu­cativas pasaron a impartir sus clases de manera remota durante las que el alumnado optó, de forma mayoritaria, por mantener apagada la cámara web, provocando desmotivación e incertidumbre entre el profesorado. Los distintos estudios que investigan este comportamiento presentan motivos atomizados e inconexos, por lo que la presente investigación se propuso ofrecer una visión holística de los motivos que llevaron al alumnado a activar o no la cámara durante dicha pandemia. Los datos obtenidos a través de un cuestionario suministrado a 305 alumnos de distintas universida­des españolas revelan una tendencia a seguir la decisión de la mayoría con respecto a conectar o no la cámara durante las clases, así como una reticencia a mostrarse ante compañeros en entornos relajados. Por otra parte, si bien no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres ace ca de la frecuencia de uso, los participantes de género masculino atribuyeron me­nor importancia tanto a la imagen personal proyectada como a los recursos de conexión disponibles. Asimismo, se encontró que la importancia atribuida tanto a la generación de presencia social en el aula como a la calificación académica es un predictor de su frecuencia de uso. Estos resultados sugieren el uso de estrategias que incentiven al alumnado de educación superior a conectar la cámara web durante la impartición de docencia por medio de sistemas de videoconferencia.

Concepciones docentes sobre la educación física mediada por las TIC en tiempos de COVID-19. Estudio de caso (Teachers' conceptions about physical education mediated by ICT in times of COVID-19. Case study)

The confinement caused in Colombia by the health emergency of COVID-19, forced the replacement of face-to-face pedagogical practices by remote education mediated by communication and information technologies (ICT). Physical education teachers had the challenge of adapting the contents of a generally practical subject to the new reality in which digital media are protagonists. Adaptations that are complicated because students widely in public institutions in urban and rural contexts have difficulties in connecting to the Internet or availability of electronic equipment. The objective was to understand the conceptions of the pedagogical practice of seven physical education teachers in training, belonging to the Bachelor's degree program in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports of the University of Cauca - Colombia under the remote modality with high school students. Reflections on the ICT mediated teaching-learning process in two public educational institutions with the intrinsic case study methodology and research techniques such as observation and educational workshops are presented. It was found that the physical education class mediated by ICT requires configuring the contents according to the needs of the health emergency context, that there are strengths in the digital tools for the teaching-learning process, as well as weaknesses of the teachers in their management, it is evident that there are students with accessibility and limitation for the connection, which affects the monitoring of progress both in synchronous and asynchronous phases. Key words. Physical education, information technology, ICT, pandemic, teaching, learning. Alternate :El confinamiento provocado en Colombia por la emergencia sanitaria de la COVID-19, obligó a reemplazar las prácticas pedagógicas presenciales por la educación virtual mediada por las tecnologías de la comunicación y de la información (TIC). Los profesores de Educación Física tuvieron el reto de adecuar los contenidos de una asignatura generalmente práctica, a la nueva realidad en la que los medios digitales son protagonistas. Adaptaciones que resultan complicadas porque los educandos ampliamente en las instituciones públicas en el contexto urbano y rural presentan dificultades de conexión a internet o disponibilidad de equipos electrónicos. El objetivo fue comprender las concepciones de la práctica pedagógica de siete profesores de educación física en formación, pertenecientes al programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física, Recreación y Deportes de la Universidad del Cauca – Colombia, bajo la modalidad remota con estudiantes de básica secundaria. Se presentan las reflexiones sobre el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje mediado por las TIC en dos instituciones educativas públicas con la metodología de estudio de caso intrínseco y técnicas de investigación como la observación y los talleres educativos. Se encontró que la clase de educación física mediada por las TIC requiere configurar los contenidos acordes a las necesidades del contexto de emergencia sanitaria, que existen fortalezas en las herramientas digitales para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, así como debilidades de los profesores en su manejo, es evidente que hay estudiantes con accesibilidad y limitación para la conexión lo que afecta el seguimiento del progreso tanto en fase síncrono como asíncrono.Alternate :O confinamento causado na Colômbia pela emergência sanitária do COVID-19, obrigou a substituir práticas pedagógicas presenciais por educação virtual mediada por tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Os professores de Educação Física tiveram o desafio de adequar os conteúdos de uma disciplina geralmente prática à nova realidade em que as mídias digitais são protagonistas. Adaptações que são complicadas porque os alunos amplamente em instituições públicas no contexto urbano e rural têm dificuldades com conexão de internet ou disponibilidade de equipamentos eletrônicos. O objetivo foi compreender as concepções da prática pedagógica de sete professores de educação física em formação, pertencentes ao programa de Bacharelado em Educação Física, Recreação e Esportes da Universidade de Cauca - Colômbia, na modalidade remota com alunos do ensino médio. São apresentadas reflexões sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem mediado pelas TIC em duas instituições públicas de ensino com a metodologia intrínseca de estudo de caso e técnicas de pesquisa como observação e oficinas pedagógicas. Constatou-se que a aula de educação física mediada pelas TIC exige a configuração dos conteúdos de acordo com as necessidades do contexto de emergência em saúde, que há pontos fortes nas ferramentas digitais para o processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como fragilidades dos professores em sua gestão , fica evidente que existem alunos com limitações de acessibilidade e conexão, o que prejudica o acompanhamento do andamento tanto na fase síncrona quanto na assíncrona. Palavras chave: Educação física, tecnologias de informação, TIC, pandemia, ensino, aprendizagem.

Percepción de los alumnos sobre su perfil de aprendizaje antes y después del Covid-19 (Student's perspectives about their learning profile before and after Covid-19)

Changes in educational paradigms have affected the understanding of how individuals learn. The emergence of Covid-19 has created unprecedented disruption in the education systems. This study attempts to analyse students' perceptions of their learning profile before and after Covid-19, using two different cohorts of students from five schools. Participated in October 2019 (first application) 369 students, and in November 2021 (second application) 294 students. These are students of two educational cycles: grades 7-9 and 10-12. The Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory questionnaire has seven dimensions: ‘moving and learning', ‘critical curiosity', ‘making sense', ‘creativity', ‘learning relationships', ‘strategic awareness', ‘resilience';and it was administered to understand how students self-assess their learning profile. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated to analyse the data and detect possible differences in the learning profiles. The results show that students in grades 7-9 seem to have been the most affected by Covid-19 (means were statistically significant in all dimensions except ‘resilience') when compared to students in grades 10-12 (statistically significant only in ‘critical curiosity', ‘learning relationships' and ‘meaning making' dimensions). In conclusion, the learning profiles have changed between the applications in both cycles. A higher percentage of students rated themselves worse in almost all dimensions in the second application. However, the increased autonomy during Covid-19 could explain the average increases in 'resilience' in grades 7-9 and 'creativity' in grades 10-12 from the first to the second application. Alternate :Los cambios en los paradigmas educativos han afectado la comprensión de cómo los individuos aprenden. La aparición del Covid-19 ha creado una disrupción sin precedentes en los sistemas educativos. Este estudio intenta analizar las percepciones del alumnado sobre su perfil de aprendizaje antes y después del Covid-19, usando dos cohortes diferentes de alumnos de cinco escuelas. Participaron en octubre de 2019 (primera aplicación) 369 alumnos, y en noviembre de 2021 (segunda aplicación) 294 alumnos. Son alumnos de dos ciclos educativos: años 7-9 y 10-12. El cuestionario Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory con siete dimensiones: mudanza y aprendizaje, curiosidad critica, darle sentido, creatividad, relaciones de aprendizaje, conciencia estratégica, resiliencia;fue administrado para entender cómo los estudiantes autoevalúan su perfil de aprendizaje. Estadística descriptiva e inferencial fueron calculadas para analizar los datos y detectar posibles diferencias en los perfiles de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos de 7-9 parecen haber sido los más afectados por el Covid-19 (las medias eran estadísticamente significativas en todas las dimensiones excepto resiliencia) al ser comparados con los estudiantes de 10-12 (estadísticamente significativas solamente en las dimensiones: mudanza y aprendizaje, curiosidad critica, darle sentido). Concluyendo, los perfiles de aprendizajes han cambiado entre las aplicaciones en los dos ciclos. Un mayor porcentaje de estudiantes se puntuó peor en casi todas las dimensiones en el segundo momento. Sin embargo, la mayor autonomía durante el Covid-19 podría explicar los aumentos medios en ‘resiliencia' en los grados 7-9 y ‘creatividad' en los grados 10-12 de la primera para la segunda aplicación. Palabras-clave: año 7-9;año 10-12;poder de aprendizaje;disposiciones de aprendizaje;effective lifelong learning inventory;covid-19.Alternate :As mudanças nos paradigmas educacionais têm afetado a compreensão de como os indivíduos aprendem. O surgimento do Covid-19 criou uma perturbação sem precedentes nos sistemas educacionais. Este estudo tenta analisar as percepções dos alunos sobre seu perfil de aprendizagem antes e depois do Covid-19, usando dois grupos diferentes de alunos de cinco escolas. Em outubro de 2019 (prim ira aplicação) participaram 369 alunos, e em novembro de 2021 (segunda aplicação) 294 alunos. São alunos de dois ciclos de ensino: 7-9 anos e 10-12 anos. O questionário Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory com sete dimensões: mover e aprender, curiosidade crítica, fazer sentido, criatividade, relações de aprendizagem, consciência estratégica, resiliência;foi administrado para entender como os alunos autoavaliam seu perfil de aprendizagem. Estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram calculadas para analisar os dados e detectar possíveis diferenças nos perfis de aprendizagem. Os resultados mostram que os alunos de 7 a 9 anos parecem ter sido os mais afetados pela Covid-19 (as médias foram estatisticamente significativas em todas as dimensões, exceto resiliência) quando comparados aos alunos de 10 a 12 anos (estatisticamente significativos apenas nas dimensões). e aprendizagem, curiosidade crítica, fazer sentido). Concluindo, os perfis de aprendizagem mudaram entre as aplicações nos dois ciclos. Um percentual maior de alunos pontuou pior em quase todas as dimensões no segundo momento. No entanto, o aumento da autonomia durante o Covid-19 poderia explicar os aumentos médios em 'resiliência' nas séries 7-9 e 'criatividade' nas séries 10-12 da primeira para a segunda aplicação. Palavras-chave: ano 7-9;ano 10-12;poder de aprendizagem;provisões de aprendizagem;inventário eficaz de aprendizagem ao longo da vida;COVID-19.

Reclaiming the Power of Bilingualism: Spanish Heritage Learners Using Bilingual Skills in a Critical Service-Learning Project

Studies on the application of service-learning with an emphasis on heritage learners are still emerging. Using a critical service-learning approach, I describe how the integration of a service-learning project showed heritage learners of Spanish the need for people with their bilingual abilities. Specifically, I examine the impact of service-learning and critical language pedagogies on students' perception and appreciation (or lack thereof) of their linguistic abilities. A qualitative analysis of self-reported answers to a biographical questionnaire and a final guided reflection, revealed that heritage learners not only gained confidence in their linguistic skills but also advanced their knowledge of the language and cultures while challenging and disrupting inequities that exist in a Latinx community. This study contributes to an emerging literature on the application of critical service-learning approaches to service-learning in heritage language learners' courses by showing the benefits and challenges of incorporating a project that sought mutual benefits for all stakeholders involved. It also contributes to documenting ways to create access to service-learning during the pandemic and how service-learning projects can be incorporated in courses offered virtually only. AATSP Copyright © 2023.

Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de evaluación de estrategias de aprendizaje para el bachillerato (EAVAP-EM)

This study aimed to estimate validity evidence based on the internal structure and accuracy of the adapted version of the Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM), using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Participants were 701 first- to third-year high school students (M = 16.1; SD = 1.0), from public and private institutions in the states of Paraná and São Paulo. The CFA indicated the presence of the three factors of the EAVAP-EM, with adequate internal consistency. The instrument also showed good fit indices. There were positive and significant correlations between the factors, with magnitude ranging from medium to large. Moreover, students reported making more use of metacognitive strategies. The results evinced significant advances regarding measures with good psychometric parameters to assess learning strategies, considering their relevance to the psychoeducational context (AU).

Objetivou-se no presente estudo estimar indicadores de validade com base na estrutura interna e precisão da versão adaptada da Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM), por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Participaram 701 alunos do primeiro ao terceiro ano do Ensino Médio (M = 16,1; DP = 1,0), provenientes de instituições públicas e particulares dos estados do Paraná e de São Paulo. A AFC indicou a presença dos três fatores da EAVAP-EM, com consistência interna considerada adequada, sendo que o instrumento apresentou bons índices de ajuste. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre os fatores, com magnitude variando de média a grande. Ainda, os estudantes reportaram fazer mais uso de estratégias metacognitivas. Os resultados evidenciam importantes avanços no que concerne a medidas com bons indicadores psicométricos para avaliação das estratégias de aprendizagem, considerando sua relevância ao contexto psicoeducacional (AU).

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar evidencias de validez a partir de la estructura interna y la precisión de la versión adaptada de la Escala de Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje para la Escuela Preparatoria (EAVAP-EM), mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Participaron 701 estudiantes de primero a tercer año de secundaria (M = 16.1; DS = 1.0), de instituciones públicas y privadas de las provincias de Paraná y São Paulo. El AFC indicó la presencia de los tres factores del EAVAP-EM, con consistencia interna considerada adecuada. El instrumento mostró índices de ajuste adecuados. Hubo correlaciones positivas y significativas entre los factores, cuya magnitud varió de moderada a alta. Además, los estudiantes informaron que hacen un mayor uso de las estrategias metacognitivas. Los resultados evidencian avances importantes en cuanto a medidas con buenos indicadores psicométricos para evaluar estrategias de aprendizaje, considerando su relevancia para el contexto psicoeducativo (AU).

Impacto del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje remoto de emergencia en la competencia digital y el estado de ánimo en la formación del profesorado

La COVID-19 ha impactado en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje acentuando dificultades académicas y emocionales. El objetivo del estudio es analizar si durante la enseñanza y aprendizaje remoto de emergencia ha habido cambios significativos en el estado de ánimo y en la competencia digital de 89 profesores y 488 estudiantes de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria, y del Máster de formación del profesorado de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid), analizados desde su autopercepción. Bajo una metodología cuantitativa y un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, se ha medido su validez interna y de contenido por parte de expertos, analizándose aspectos como el estado de ánimo y el estrés antes y durante el confinamiento, registrándose un aumento significativo en los valores promedio. En ambos perfiles, las fuentes de estrés, ansiedad y carga de trabajo han aumentado significativamente, al mismo tiempo que han disminuido algunas capacidades cognitivas. La actitud y motivación hacia la modalidad completamente online ha disminuido en ambos casos, sobre todo en estudiantes, aunque la competencia digital de ambos ha aumentado. Como principal conclusión se resalta la importancia de conocer el impacto de factores académicos y no académicos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje online. Por ello, el estudio puede ser valioso para afrontar los posibles cambios hacia dicha modalidad en estos tiempos de incertidumbre teniendo en cuenta los factores analizados. También, es preciso ofrecer a la comunidad educativa formación pedagógico-digital junto a formación en gestión de emociones y afrontamiento positivo de dichos cambios.Alternate :COVID-19 has impacted the teaching and learning processes, underlying academic and emotional difficulties. The objective of the study is to analyze whether during emergency remote teaching and learning there have been significant changes in the mood and the digital competence of 89 teachers and 488 students of the Degrees of Early Childhood and Primary Education, and the Master's Degree in teacher training at Rey University Juan Carlos (Madrid), analyzed from their self-perception. Using a quantitative methodology and an ad hoc questionnaire, its internal and content validity has been measured by experts, analyzing aspects such as mood and stress before and during confinement, registering a significant increase in the average values. In both profiles, the sources of stress, anxiety, and workload have increased significantly, at the same time that some cognitive abilities have diminished. The attitude and motivation towards the online modality have decreased in both cases, especially in students, although the digital competence of both has increased. The study's main conclusion is the importance of knowing the impact of academic and non-academic factors in the online teaching and learning process. Therefore, the study can be valuable to face the possible changes towards online modality in these times of uncertainty, considering the factors analyzed. In addition, it is necessary to offer the educational community pedagogical-digital training together with training in emotion management and positive coping strategies for responding to these changes.Alternate :O COVID-19 tem impactado os processos de ensino e aprendizagem, acentuando as dificuldades acadêmicas e emocionais. O objetivo do estudo é analisar se durante o ensino e aprendizagem à distância de emergência ocorreram mudanças significativas no ânimo e na competência digital de 89 professores e 488 alunos dos Graus da Educação Infantil e Fundamental e do Mestrado em Professores formação de uma universidade pública de Madrid, analisada a partir de sua autopercepção. Utilizando uma metodologia mista (quantitativa e qualitativa) e um questionário elaborado ad hoc, sua validade interna e de conteúdo foi medida por especialistas, analisando aspectos como humor e estresse antes e durante o confinamento e registrando um aumento significativo nos valores médios. Em ambos os perfis, as font s de estresse, ansiedade e carga de trabalho aumentaram significativamente, assim como a diminuição de algumas habilidades cognitivas. A atitude e a motivação para a modalidade totalmente online diminuíram em ambos os casos, especialmente nos alunos, embora a competência digital de ambos tenha aumentado. A principal conclusão é a importância de conhecer o impacto de fatores acadêmicos e não acadêmicos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem online. Portanto, o estudo pode ser valioso para enfrentar as possíveis mudanças em direção a essa modalidade nestes tempos de incerteza, levando em consideração os fatores analisados. Além disso, é necessário oferecer à comunidade educativa uma formação pedagógico-digital em conjunto com a formação em gestão da emoção e o enfrentamento positivo dessas mudanças.

Interacción y gamificación: enseñanza de la filosofía en la Universidad de Pamplona

La enseñanza de la filosofía en tiempos de pandemia ha sido un desafío para la labor docente en perspectiva de pedagogía, con miras a superar la brecha digital por parte de quienes intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza. Quedaría, entonces, como se interpreta desde De Sousa Santos: mirar las enseñanzas que ha dejado el virus, siendo lo que, en tal sentido, se propone este escrito. Por tanto, se reflexiona en torno a cómo se desarrolla la interacción de la gamificación en la enseñanza de filosofía como elemento pedagógico en el contexto de la Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia. Así las cosas, se argumenta que el principal desafío de la enseñanza de la filosofía en medio de la crisis sanitaria generada por el SARS-CoV-2 es de carácter didáctico y pedagógico en sus procesos de enseñanza. Dicho proceso apunta al desarrollo de la interactividad y la instrucción de las diferentes asignaturas del pénsum de Filosofía en modalidad sincrónica, mediada por una plataforma online de enseñanza. El siguiente desafío se enfoca en la inclusión de la gamificación en la educación virtual en procesos didácticos de enseñanza y evaluación. Se concluye que en la Universidad de Pamplona la educación remota sincrónica y asincrónica se está desarrollando en el entorno virtual de aprendizaje para promover el aprender a conocer, a hacer, a vivir juntos para llegar a aprender a ser.Alternate : Teaching philosophy during the pandemic was a challenge from a pedagogical perspective, as it required those involved in the educational process to overcome the digital divide. Now, it is crucial, following De Sousa Santos, to look at the lessons the virus taught us in this regard, and that is the primary purpose of this paper. Particularly, we reflect on the role of gamification as a pedagogical tool in the teaching of philosophy at the Universidad de Pamplona in Colombia. Based on our analysis, it is argued that teaching philosophy amid the health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly posed a didactic and pedagogical challenge. This challenge, indeed, highlighted the need for interactivity and the instruction of the different philosophy courses in a synchronous format via an online learning platform. Another challenge identified here was incorporating gamification into the teaching practices and evaluation processes in e-learning environments. In conclusion, the Universidad de Pamplona has been implementing synchronous and asynchronous remote activities through its virtual learning environment to encourage learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence algorithms for detection of pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 based on portable radiography. / Rendimiento diagnóstico de algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para detección de compromiso pulmonar por COVID-19 basados en radiografía portátil.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the identification of pulmonary involvement by SARS-CoV-2 based on portable chest radiography (RX). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study that included patients admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in a university hospital between July and November 2020. The reference standard of pulmonary involvement by SARS-CoV-2 comprised a positive PCR test and low-tract respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: 493 patients were included, 140 (28%) with positive PCR and 32 (7%) with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The AI-B algorithm had the best diagnostic performance (areas under the ROC curve AI-B 0.73, vs. AI-A 0.51, vs. AI-C 0.57). Using a detection threshold greater than 55%, AI-B had greater diagnostic performance than the specialist [(area under the curve of 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72), vs. 0.54 (95% CI 0.49-0.59)]. CONCLUSION: AI algorithms based on portable RX enabled a diagnostic performance comparable to human assessment for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 lung involvement.

The impact of the learning environment sudden shifts on students' performance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

•Introduction: This study aims to determine the effect of sudden changes in learning environments on students' performance, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We present an analysis of the kinesiology program, focusing on the learning modality changes through the years, and its impact on students' performance. Methods: We analyzed three periods over five years. During the Pre-pandemic period (2018-2019), classes had been taught in-person, during the pandemic (2020-2021) classes had been taught online, and during end of lockdown (2022) classes had return to in-person modality. In addition, we also examined the academic performance outcomes by gender during the three periods. Results: We found that the academic performance significantly increased in all cohort of career, increasing the average grade from 4.7±0.08 (2018 to 2019, in-person) to 5.15±0.07 during the pandemic period, from 2020 to 2021, when online modality was utilized. Furthermore, when returning to in-person classes in 2022, the academic performance reduced significantly to 4.6±0.17. We also found that gender did not have an influence on academic performance in any of the learning environments presented. However, during clinical internships, we found that gender had a significantly effect on academic performance. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that the sudden shift from in-person learning to online learning modality helped improved the learning performance of student, reflecting those results on better students' performance scores that could be associated with the enhanced efficient use of time. Resumen Introducción: Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de los cambios repentinos en los entornos de aprendizaje sobre el rendimiento de los estudiantes, en el contexto del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19. Presentamos un análisis del programa de la carrera de kinesiología, enfocándonos en los cambios de modalidad de aprendizaje a través de los años, y su impacto en el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Métodos: Se analizaron tres períodos a lo largo de cinco años. Durante el periodo Pre-pandemia (2018-2019) las clases se habían impartido de forma presencial, durante la pandemia (2020-2021) las clases se habían impartido online y durante el fin del confinamiento (2022) las clases habían vuelto a la modalidad presencial. Además, también examinamos los resultados del rendimiento académico por género durante los tres períodos. Resultados: Se encontró que el rendimiento académico aumentó significativamente en toda la cohorte de la carrera, aumentando la calificación promedio de 4.74±0.08 (2018 a 2019, presencial) a 5.15±0.07 durante el período de pandemia, de 2020 a 2021, cuando la modalidad en línea fue utilizada. Además, al regresar a las clases presenciales en 2022, el rendimiento académico se redujo significativamente a 4,6±0,17. También encontramos que el género no influyó en el rendimiento académico en ninguno de los entornos de aprendizaje presentados. Sin embargo, durante las pasantías clínicas, encontramos que el género tuvo un efecto significativo en el rendimiento académico. Conclusión: Con base en estos resultados, concluimos que el cambio repentino de la modalidad de aprendizaje en persona a la modalidad de aprendizaje en línea ayudó a mejorar el rendimiento de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, lo que refleja esos resultados en mejores puntajes de rendimiento de los estudiantes que podrían estar asociados con un mayor uso eficiente del tiempo.

Inteligencia artificial en educación: una revisión de la literatura en revistas científicas internacionales

Esta investigación consiste en una revisión literaria de publicaciones científicas en el área de la inteligencia artificial (IA), pertenecientes a revistas científicas encontradas en el portal SCImago Journal & Country Rank. La búsqueda de información se realizó utilizando palabras clave y títulos de investigaciones publicadas entre los años 1970 y 2020 en la base de datos de Scopus. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los aportes de la IA en la educación en las últimas cinco décadas, dara conocer las revistas científicas con los índices de impacto más altos en el área de la IA en los últimos 10 años, y analizar el papel que desempeñará la IA en la educación post Covid-19. Los resultados evidencian aportes significativos de la IA en la educación, empleando técnicas de redes neuronales, big data, visión por computador, asistentes digitales virtuales, aprendizaje automático y análisis predictivo, siendo Estados Unidos el país que posee el mayor número de revistas científicas (siete) dedicadas al área de la IA. Finalmente, destacamos la necesidad de involucrar la IA en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en una educación post Covid-19.Alternate : This research consists of a literary review of scientific publications in the area of Artificial Intelligence, belonging to scientific journals found in the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal. The information search was carried out using keywords and titles of research published from 1970 to 2020 in the Scopus database. The objective of this article is to identify the contributions of AI to education over the last five decades, to present the scientific journals with the highest impact rates in the area of AI over the last 10 years and to analyse the role that AI will play in post-Covid-19 education. The results show significant contributions of the Artificial Intelligence in education using neural network techniques, big data, computer vision, virtual digital assistants, automatic learning, language processing and predictive analysis. The United States has the largest number of scientific journals (seven) dedicated to the area of AI. Finally, we highlight the need to involve AI in the teaching and learning process in a post Covid-19 education.

Disrupción de la educación remota en el programa universitario para adultos en tiempos de covid-19

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar las percepciones que tiene los alumnos del programa de formación para adultos de la facultad de administración de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo sobre la disrupción de la modalidad remota en la educación presencial. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, el diseño cuasiexperimental y el nivel comparativo-causal expost-facto. La muestra fue conformada por 25 alumnos a quienes se le aplicó el cuestionario de percepciones de Zoller (1992), instrumento que demostró validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados indican que existe diferencias significativas entre los grupos (t=4,67;sig.= 0.000 < 0.05), la media más alta fue la modalidad presencial, concluyendo que los alumnos del programa de formación para adultos tienen resistencia al cambio de modalidad en la enseñanza.Alternate : The objective of this research was to compare the perceptions that students of the adult training program of the Cesar Vallejo University School of Administration have on the disruption of remote modality in classroom education. The research focus was quantitative, with a quasi-experimental design and an ex-facto comparative-causal level. The sample was made up of 25 students to whom the Zoller (1992) perceptions questionnaire was applied, an instrument that demonstrated validity and reliability. The results indicate that there are significant differences between the groups (t = 4.67;sig. = 0.000 <0.05), the highest mean was the classroom education modality, concluding that the students of the adult training program have resistance to changing modality in education.

Strategies for emotional regulation of children in learning to write in class and interview situations / Estrategias de regulación emocional de niños/as en el aprendizaje de la escritura en situación de clase y de entrevista

Resumen El presente estudio se propone contribuir al campo de la autorregulación temprana desde un enfoque ecológico y situado y, al mismo tiempo, al campo del aprendizaje de la escritura. Sus objetivos son: (1) identificar eventos emocionalmente desafiantes en el aprendizaje de la escritura de niños/as; (2) indagar el despliegue de sus estrategias de regulación emocional; y (3) analizar la variación de dichas estrategias en situación de clase y de entrevista. Participaron 10 niños/as de primer grado de 6 y 7 años de la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). Se realizaron observaciones de clases de Lengua focalizadas en escritura y entrevistas individuales. Las entrevistas se originaron en videos-elicitación cortos de niños/as actuando en eventos emocionalmente desafiantes en momentos de aprendizaje de la escritura: la percatación de una brecha entre el saber/poder y las demandas de una tarea, la exposición social y el entorno distractor. Se identificaron siete eventos emocionalmente desafiantes en total, sumándose cuatro a los propuestos en los videos-elicitación: la adecuación a normas externas, la corrección, la dificultad con el material y la equivocación. Asimismo, se documentó un amplio repertorio de estrategias de regulación emocional. Las más frecuentes fueron la modificación de la situación social, la comunicación y la expresión. Las observaciones permitieron hallar la modificación de la situación física, el control y el habla privada. En las entrevistas se pudo registrar la actividad alternativa, la respiración, la comunicación y la revaluación cognitiva. Se concluyó que la complementación de técnicas resulta promisoria para el estudio de la regulación emocional en el aprendizaje de la escritura.

Abstract Learning to write involves the challenge to understand and regulate one's own emotions in situation, such as frustration, anxiety and different moods. In recent years, the study of emotion regulation in children through different methodological tools, such as interviews, questionnaires or observations, has increased. However, to date there are few studies that complement these techniques. The present study seeks to contribute to early emotion regulation in learning to write from a sociocultural, ecological and situated approach, through the combination of interviews and class observations. The aims are to: (1) identify emotionally challenging events in children's learning to write; (2) describe the deployment of their strategies of emotion regulation; and (3) analyze the variation of these strategies in class and interview situations. Participants were 10 first graders from a school located in the urban area at San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). The school was selected because communication and regulation of emotions is part of the educational project. Observations of language classes and individual interviews were conducted over Zoom in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Ten observations focused on the class interaction between the teacher and children in learning to write situations were analyzed. The individual interview is based on video-elicitation technique. Three videos were designated ad hoc. Each video elicited emotionally challenging events in learning to write: (1) the awareness of a gap between knowledge/power and the demands of a task (child represented difficulties in writing and erasing, showing emotional affectation); (2) social exposure (child was reading alone and an adult asked her about what she was reading, after which the girl looked down and pursed her lips); and (3) the distracting environment (two girls were chatting and making noise as two boys were writing in their notebooks). Beyond the three emotionally challenging events presented in the video-elicitation, another four were found: the adaptation to external norms, the revision of the own text, the difficulty with the material, and the acknowledge the own mistakes. Additionally, children deployed a wide repertoire of strategies according to the emotion regulation model of Gross (2015) and the specific literature. Overall, the most frequent strategies were the modification of the situation in a social way, communication and expression. In the observations, modification of the situation in physical form, control and private speech were found. In the interviews, the alternative activity, breathing, communication and cognitive reappraisal were observed. Finally, it was concluded that the complementation of research methods, class observations and interviews, is promising for the study of children's emotion regulation in learning to write.

Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM) / Escala de evaluación de estrategias de aprendizaje para el bachillerato (EAVAP-EM)

This study aimed to estimate validity evidence based on the internal structure and accuracy of the adapted version of the Learning Strategies Assessment Scale for High School (EAVAP-EM), using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Participants were 701 first- to third-year high school students (M = 16.1; SD = 1.0), from public and private institutions in the states of Paraná and São Paulo. The CFA indicated the presence of the three factors of the EAVAP-EM, with adequate internal consistency. The instrument also showed good fit indices. There were positive and significant correlations between the factors, with magnitude ranging from medium to large. Moreover, students reported making more use of metacognitive strategies. The results evinced significant advances regarding measures with good psychometric parameters to assess learning strategies, considering their relevance to the psychoeducational context (AU).

Objetivou-se no presente estudo estimar indicadores de validade com base na estrutura interna e precisão da versão adaptada da Escala de Avaliação das Estratégias de Aprendizagem para o Ensino Médio (EAVAP-EM), por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Participaram 701 alunos do primeiro ao terceiro ano do Ensino Médio (M = 16,1; DP = 1,0), provenientes de instituições públicas e particulares dos estados do Paraná e de São Paulo. A AFC indicou a presença dos três fatores da EAVAP-EM, com consistência interna considerada adequada, sendo que o instrumento apresentou bons índices de ajuste. Houve correlações positivas e significativas entre os fatores, com magnitude variando de média a grande. Ainda, os estudantes reportaram fazer mais uso de estratégias metacognitivas. Os resultados evidenciam importantes avanços no que concerne a medidas com bons indicadores psicométricos para avaliação das estratégias de aprendizagem, considerando sua relevância ao contexto psicoeducacional (AU).

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar evidencias de validez a partir de la estructura interna y la precisión de la versión adaptada de la Escala de Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje para la Escuela Preparatoria (EAVAP-EM), mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Participaron 701 estudiantes de primero a tercer año de secundaria (M = 16.1; DS = 1.0), de instituciones públicas y privadas de las provincias de Paraná y São Paulo. El AFC indicó la presencia de los tres factores del EAVAP-EM, con consistencia interna considerada adecuada. El instrumento mostró índices de ajuste adecuados. Hubo correlaciones positivas y significativas entre los factores, cuya magnitud varió de moderada a alta. Además, los estudiantes informaron que hacen un mayor uso de las estrategias metacognitivas. Los resultados evidencian avances importantes en cuanto a medidas con buenos indicadores psicométricos para evaluar estrategias de aprendizaje, considerando su relevancia para el contexto psicoeducativo (AU).

Online learning attributes on overall tourism and hospitality education learning satisfaction: Tourism Agenda 2030

PurposePromoting "Quality Education" as part of Sustainable Development Goal 4 requires educational stakeholders to understand the nature of online learning from the learners' perspective. This study aims to explore the asymmetric effects of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction in tourism and hospitality education. Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt the three-factor satisfaction theory and the three analytical steps penalty-reward contrast analysis, impact range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis. The authors then juxtapose the results of such analytical approaches to the traditional importance-performance analysis (IPA) for further insights. FindingsTraditional IPA suggests nine high importance and performance online attributes. However, the IRPA reveals that only four attributes fall within high performance and high range of impact on satisfaction. The attribute "secure" had a low performance despite a significant impact on satisfaction. Research limitations/implicationsBy exploring asymmetric effects, scholars, service providers and participants of online education can have a deeper insight into the nature and dynamic effect of attributes on overall satisfaction. Originality/valueBy exploring the asymmetric impacts of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction, the findings provide a novel insight into the multidimensionality of online learning attributes.

En búsqueda del aprendizaje perdido. Una fábula educativa en tiempos de pandemia

El texto analiza algunas de las propuestas que las agencias internacionales más directamente relacionadas con el sector educativo han ofrecido a fin de afrontar las situaciones creadas por la pandemia de covid-19 y reactivar la educación en condiciones similares, o al menos comparables, a las que se encontraba antes de pandemia. A partir de ese análisis, se trazan conexiones entre las agendas educativas, políticas y económicas que enmarcan las respuestas actuales en términos de mediciones, evaluaciones e inversión de recursos y tiempos. Al cierre, despejadas algunas dudas y aclaradas algunas decisiones, se toma distancia frente a las estrategias sugeridas por los organismos multilaterales, y se les ve desde una perspectiva que hace énfasis en las personas y las comunidades, antes que en los sistemas y en el comercio de datos, para sacar conclusiones que permitan repensar las direcciones en las que las acciones han de apuntar.Alternate : The article analyzes some of the proposals that the international agencies most directly related to the educational sector have offered in order to face the situations created by the COVID-19 pandemic and to reactivate education in similar, or at least comparable, conditions to those before the pandemic. From this analysis, connections are drawn between the educational, political, and economic agendas that frame the current responses in terms of measurements, assessments and investment of resources and time. In the closing, after solving some doubts and clarifying some decisions, distance is taken from the strategies suggested by multilateral organizations, they are seen from a perspective that emphasizes people and communities, rather than systems and data trade, in order to draw conclusions that allow to rethink the directions in which the actions should be aimed.

La percepción de la covid-19 en el ámbito universitario

La llegada de la covid-19 ha impactado a toda la población mundial. En el contexto universitario se ha presentado una situación especial;para los estudiantes, la presencialidad universitaria constituía un referente formativo complementario al de su propia familia. La interacción social y el aprendizaje, asociado a este tipo de entorno, sufrió rápidamente un transtorno marcado por el confinamiento y el aislamiento físico. Las nuevas condiciones de socialización suponen una nueva percepción y, por lo tanto, una nueva manera de ver la realidad. Esta situación, que se ha extiendido por casi tres años, ha colisionado con los estilos de aprendizaje tradicional, apelando a la autogestión y autorrregulación del proceso educativo, pero también a la resiliencia ante las afectaciones a la salud y a una redefinición de la manera de relacionarse con las demás personas, especialmente en una época de socialización asociada a la juventud universitaria.

Teaching Trade during COVID: Conducting a WTO Simulation through Remote Delivery

In Fall 2020, all universities in Alberta went with remote delivery of classes due to COVID-19 restrictions. This provided not only teaching challenges, but also opportunities. Professors at three Canadian universities teaching similar undergraduate courses in international political economy decided to use the challenges/opportunities of COVID-19 restrictions to experiment with a World Trade Organization (WTO) simulation across three campuses through remote delivery. Simulations are frequently used for teaching in political science, but what was unusual was doing it through remote delivery. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the experiment. It traces the origins/evolution of the idea, learning objectives for the students, preparation by the professors to design the WTO simulation, and the experience of the actual simulation. It also addresses the challenges (technological, timing, assignments, grading, student anxiety, etc.). In addition, it identifies the steps that were taken to reduce and mitigate the challenges. It also acknowledges the mistakes that were made by the professors in designing and implementing the assignment. These observations and reflections are informed by the materials that the professors prepared, their thoughts on the experience, and the feedback from participating students (through official student evaluations as well as a special survey instrument). It provides lessons for future online simulations.

Extended learning experiences in online classes: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (Experiencias de aprendizaje ampliado en las clases en línea: un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo)

This study aimed at examining Japanese college students' extended learning experiences in an emergency online learning environment during the Covid-19 pandemic through adopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis, or IPA. Data from 124 weekly journal entries of 15 purposefully selected students and observation notes of two instructors made during a 10-week term were analysed following the IPA approach. Results revealed that students perceived both advantages and obstacles inherent in online learning. When encountering obstacles, the students experimented with several measures to overcome the obstacles and manage their emotions and so improve learning behaviours. Students experienced different emotional and cognitive states throughout the term. The results obtained suggest that those who see extended and flexible learning opportunities in emergency online learning and have positive psychology tend to pass through the states of anxiousness and frustration rather quickly and develop confidence in online learning at an early stage, whereas others who stay mostly frustrated and do not see advantages of online learning tend not to take advantage of the extended learning opportunities offered by online learning.